Environmental Health Sciences, environmental microbiology, microbial fate and transport, water quality, drinking water treatment, disinfection, groundwater, wastewater, sewage, water and wastewater distribution systems, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, enteric pathogens, parasites (cryptosporidium, toxoplasma, giardia), viruses (norovirus, norwalk-like viruses, hepatitis A virus, rotavirus), bacterial indicators of water quality, bacteriophage, antibiotic resistant bacteria, molecular detection of microorganisms (PCR, RT-PCR, microarrays, hybridization), infectious diseases, microbial risk assessment, food borne and waterborne outbreak investigations, urban environmental pollution, airborne microorganisms, concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO), Chesapeake Bay research

• Select recent publications from five areas of research

• Water Treatment

  Weng SC, Luo Y, Li J, Zhou B, Jacangelo JG, Schwab KJ. Assessment and Speciation of Chlorine Demand in Fresh-Cut Produce Wash Water.  In press. Food Research. 2015.

  Huang H, Fairbrother H, Teychene B, Ajmani G, Abbott Chalew TE, Cho, HH, Schwab KJ, Janangelo J.  Carbon nanotube composite membranes for small “designer” waer treatment systems.  Water Science and Technology: Water Supply. V145. pp917-923. 2014.

  Julian TR, Trumble JM, Schwab KJ. Evaluating efficacy of field-generated electrochemical oxidants on disinfection of fomites using bacteriophage MS2 and mouse norovirus MNV-1 as pathogenic virus surrogates. Food and Environmental Virology. DOI 10.1007/s12560-014-9136-6.  2014. 

  Huang H, Cho H, Jacangelo J, Schwab KJ. Mechanisms of membrane fouling control by integrated magnetic ion exchange and coagulation. Env. Sci Technol. V46, p10711-10717.  2012.

  Ajmani G, Goodwin D, Marsh K, Fairbrother DH, Schwab KJ, Janangelo J, Huang H, Modification of low pressure membranes with carbon nanotube layers for fouling control.  Water Research, V46(17) pp5645-5654. 2012.

  Huang H, Cho H, Schwab KJ. Jacangelo JG, Effects of magnetic ion exchange pretreatment on low pressure membrane filtration of natural surface water. Water Research, V46(17) pp5483-5490. 2012.

• Fate and Transport of Nanoparticles in the Environment

  Ajmani G, Cho, HH, Abbott Chalew TE, Schwab KJ, Janangelo J, Huang H, Static and dynamic removal of aquatic natural organic matter by carbon nanotubes.  Water Research. V59. pp 262-270. 2014.

  Chalew T, Ajmani G, Huang H, Schwab KJ. Evaluating nanoparticle breakthrough during drinking water treatment: a pathway of human exposure. Env. Health Perspectives. V121(10). pp 1161-1166. 2013.

  Chalew T, Schwab KJ. Toxicity of commercially available engineered nanoparticles to Caco-2 and SW 480 human intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Biol. Toxicol. V29(2). pp 101-116. 2013.

• Norovirus Research

  Julian TR, Baugher JD, Rippinger C, Pinekenstein R, Kolawole AO, Mehoke T, Wobus CE, Feldman A, Pineda FJ, Schwab KJ. Murine norovirus (MNV-1) exposure in vitro to the purine nucleoside analog Ribavirin increases quasispecies diversity. Accepted for publication. Virus Research.  2015.

  Hartmann E, Colquhoun D, Schwab KJ, Halden R. Absolute Quantification of Norovirus Capsid Protein in Food, Water, and Soil Using Synthetic Peptides with Electrospray and MALDI Mass Spectrometry. J of Hazardous Materials. V286. pp 525–532. 2015.

  Gibson KE, Schwab KJ, Spencer BS, Borchardt M. Measuring and Mitigating Inhibition during Quantitative Real Time PCR Analysis of Viral Nucleic Acid Extracts from Large-Volume Environmental Water Samples. Water Research, V46 pp4281-4291. 2012

  Julian T, Schwab KJ. Challenges in environmental detection of human viral pathogens.  Current Opinion in Virology.  V2 p 1-6. 2012

  Seitz SR, Leon JS, Schwab KJ, Marshall Lyon G, Dowd M, McDaniels M, Abdulhafid G, Fernandez ML, Lindesmith L, Baric R, Moe CL.  Norovirus infectivity in humans and persistence in water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.V77 (19), p 6884-6888. 2011.

  Gibson KE, Schwab KJ. Thermal inactivation of human norovirus surrogates.  Food and Environ Virology. V3 (2) p 74-77.  2011.

  Gibson KE, Schwab KJ. Detection of Bacterial Indicators and Human and Bovine Enteric Viruses in 100 L Surface and Ground Water Samples Potentially Impacted by Animal and Human Wastes in Lower Yakima Valley, Washington.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77 (1), p355-362. 2011.

  Gibson KE, Schwab KJ. Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration with Integrated Inhibition Detection for the Recovery of Surrogates and Human Pathogens from Large-Volume Source and Finished Drinking Water.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  77 (1), p385-391. 2011.

• International Research

  Fuhrmeister E,  Schwab KJ, Julian T. Estimates of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, and Fecal Coliform Entering the Environment Due to Inadequate Sanitation Treatment Technologies in 108 Low and Middle Income Countries.  In Press. Envir Sci Technology. 2015.

  Ntozini R, Marks SJ, Mangwadu G, Mbuya M, Gerema G, Mutasa B, Julian TR, Schwab KJ, Humphrey JH, Zungu LI, and The Shine Team.  Assessing household water access and sanitation coverage using geographic information systems and spatial analysis within the SHINE Trial study in rural Zimbabwe.  Accepted for Publication.  Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2015.

  Julian T, Islam MA, Pickering A, Roy S, Fuhrmeister E, Ercumen A, Harris A, Bishai J, Schwab KJ.  Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from feces, hands, and soils in rural Bangladesh using the Colilert Quanti-Tray System (IDEXX). Appl. Env. Micro. V81 pp 1735-1743.  2015.

  Opryszko M, Guo Y, MacDonald L, MacDonald L, Kiihl S, Schwab KJ. Impact of water-vending kiosks and hygiene education on household drinking water quality in rural Ghana.  American J. Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, V88(4) pp 651-660. 2013.

  Julian T, MacDonald L, Guo Y, Marks S, Kosek M, Yori P, Pinedo S, Schwab KJ. Fecal Indicator Bacteria Contamination of Fomites and Household Demand for Surface Disinfection Products – A Case Study from Peru. American J. Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. V89(5). Pp869-872. 2013.

  Pickering A, Julian T, Marks S, Mattioli M, Boehm A, Schwab KJ, Davis, J. Fecal contamination and diarrheal pathogens on surfaces and in soils among Tanzanian households with and without improved sanitation.  Environ. Sci. and Technol.V46 (11), p5736-43. 2012.

  Harding A, Schwab KJ. Using limes and synthetic psoralens to enhance solar disinfection of water (SODIS): A laboratory evaluation with norovirus, Escherichia coli, and MS2. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. V86 (4). P566-572. 2012.

  Alcorn T, Opryszko M, Schwab KJ. Formative ethnographic research to improve the evaluation of a novel water system in Ghana.  American J. Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. V84 (5) p.801-805. 2011.

  Gibson KE, Opryszko M, Schissler J, Guo Y, Schwab KJ.  Evaluation of Human Enteric Viruses in Surface Water and Drinking Water Resources in Southern Ghana.  American J. Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 84(1). p20-29.  2011. 

• Environmental Exposure including Antibiotic Resistance

  Haack SK, Duris JW, Kolpin DW, Fogarty LR, Johnson HE, Gibson KE, Focazio M, Schwab KJ,  Hubbard LE, Foreman WT  Genes indicating zoonotic and swine pathogens are persistent in stream water and sediment following a swine manure spill.  Applied Environmental Microbiology, V81. pp 3430-3441. 2015.

  Soller J, Eftim S, Wade TJ, Ichida A, Clancy J, Johnson T, Schwab KJ, Ramirez-Toro G, Nappier S, Ravenscroft J. Use of quantitative microbial risk assessment to improve interpretation of a recreational water epidemiological study. doi:10.1016/j.mran.2015.04.001  In press,  Microbial Risk Analysis. 2015.

  Heaney CD, Exum NG, Dufour AP, Brenner KP, Haugland RA, Chern E, Schwab KJ, Love DC, Serre ML, Noble R, Wade TJ. Water quality, weather and environmental factors associated with fecal indicator organism density in beach sand at two recreational marine beaches.  Science of the Total Environment. V497-498. pp440-447. 2014.

  Sapkota AR, Kinney EL, George A, Hulet RM, Cruz-Cano R, McDermott P, Schwab KJ, Zhang G, Joseph SW.  Lower Prevalence of Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella on Large-Scale U.S. Conventional Poultry Farms that Transitioned to Organic Practices.  Science of the Total Environment. V476-477. pp387-392.  2014.

  Sapkota AR, Hulet RM, Zhang G, McDermott P, Schwab KJ, Joseph SW.  Immediate reductions in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Enterococci as U.S. conventional poultry farms transition to organic practices. Environ Health Perspect. V119 (11). p1622-1628,  2011.

• PubMED

• Serological assessment of burden of diarrheal disease in children under 5 years old
• An Assessment of Water Quality in Lima?s Peri-Urban Neighborhoods
• Point-of-Use Evaluation
• Ram Pump Irrigation in KwaZulu-Natal
• Efficiency of Secondary Sewage Treatment Systems
• Identification and Enumeration of Pathogens in Drinking Water
• Ram Pump Irrigation Systems in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa:  Impacts on Food Security, Health and S
• Ultrahigh-throughput virus-host cell picoreactor system for predictive modeling of viral evolution.
• JHU / Stantec Alliance